Personality psychologists are interested in consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within the individual. Personality psychologists are interested in the consistent behavior patterns caused either by something about the person or by placing the person in the same situation. ANS: C REF: 4 3. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1987, Vol. Writer argued that the athletes should be seen as semiprofessionals.
Color Code Blue Personality Pdf
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-the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave. | |
-value judgments of a person’s moral and ethical behavior. | |
•the enduring characteristics with which each person isborn. | |
stableset oftendencies and characteristics that determine those commonalities anddifferences in people’s behavior (thoughts, feelings, actions) that havecontinuity in time. | |
•Psychoanalytic•Behavioristic (including social cognitive theory)•Humanistic•Trait perspectives | |
Freud’sterm for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it. | |
- level of the mind in which information is available butnot currently conscious. | |
- level of the mind that is aware of immediate surroundingsand perceptions | |
- level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories,and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought intoconsciousness. –Can be revealed in dreams and Freudian slips of the tongue. | |
- part of the personality present at birth and completelyunconscious | |
- the instinctual energy that may come into conflict withthe demands of a society’s standards for behavior. | |
- principle by which the id functions; the immediatesatisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences | |
- part of the personality that develops out of a need todeal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logical. | |
-principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction ofthe demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result | |
-part of the personality that acts as a moral center | |
-part of the superego that contains the standards for moral behavior. | |
–- part of the superego that produces pride or guilt,depending on how well behavior matches or does not match the ego ideal. | |
-disorder in which the person does not fully resolve theconflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traitsand behavior associated with that earlier stage. | |
- five stages of personality development proposed by Freudand tied to the sexual development of the child. | |
-first stage occurring in the first year of life in which themouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict. Id dominated. | |
- second stage occurring from about 1 to 3 years of age, inwhich the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source ofconflict. Ego develops. | |
-a person fixated in the anal stage who is messy, destructive, and hostile. | |
-a person fixated in the anal stage who is neat, fussy, stingy, and stubborn. | |
-third stage occurring from about 3 to 6 years of age, in which the childdiscovers sexual feelings. Superego develops. | |
-situation occurring in the phallic stage in which a child develops a sexualattraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent. | |
-defense mechanism in which a person tries to become like someone else to dealwith anxiety | |
-fourth stage occurring during the school years, in which the sexual feelings ofthe child are repressed while the child develops in other ways. | |
–sexual feelings reawaken with appropriate targets. | |
-followers of Freud who developed their own competing theories ofpsychoanalysis. | |
-Jung’s name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud. | |
–Jung’s name for the memories shared by all members of the human species. | |
proposedfeelings of inferiority as the driving force behind personality and developedbirth order theory. | |
developeda theory based on basic anxiety and rejected the concept of penis envy | |
-anxiety created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world ofolder children and adults. | |
–maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in Horney’s theory. | |
developed a theory based on social rather than sexualrelationships, covering the entire life span. | |
•Current research has found support for:–Defense mechanisms–Concept of an unconscious mind that can influence consciousbehavior | |
•Other concepts cannot be scientifically researched. | |
•Behaviorists define personality as a set of learnedresponses or habits. | |
-in behaviorism, sets of well-learned responses that have become automatic. | |
– theorists who emphasize the importance of both theinfluences of other people’s behavior and of a person’s own expectancies onlearning. | |
– learning theory that includes cognitive processes such asanticipating, judging, memory, and imitation of models | |
- Bandura’s explanation of how the factors of environment,personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine futurebehavior. | |
– individual’s perception of how effective a behavior willbe in any particular circumstance (NOT the same as self-esteem). | |
- the “third force” in psychology that focuses on thoseaspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjectivefeelings and freedom of choice. | |
•Developed as a reaction against the negativity ofpsychoanalysis and the deterministic nature of behaviorism. | |
– the striving to fulfill one’s innate capacities and capabilities. | |
- the image of oneself that develops from interactions withimportant, significant people in one’s life. | |
- archetype that works with the ego to manage otherarchetypes and balance the personality. | |
- one’s perception of actual characteristics, traits, andabilities | |
- one’sperception of whom one should be or would like to be. | |
– warmth, affection, love, and respect that come fromsignificant others in one’s life. | |
- positive regard that is given without conditions orstrings attached. | |
-positive regard that is given only when the person is doing what the providersof positive regard wish. | |
–a person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges andfeelings. | |
-theories that endeavor to describe the characteristics that make up humanpersonality in an effort to predict future behavior. | |
-a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving. | |
•Personality is thedynamic organization within the individual of those psycho-physical systemswhich determine his/her unique adjustments to the environment. | |
first developed a list of about 200 traits and believed thatthese traits were part of the nervous system. | |
reduced the number of traits to between 16 and 23 with a computer method calledfactor analysis. | |
-aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outwardactions of a person. | |
-the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core ofpersonality. | |
–- dimension ofpersonality in which people tend to withdraw from excessive stimulation. | |
•Cross-cultural research has found support for thefive-factor model of personality traits in a number of different cultures. | |
–Future research willexplore the degree to which child-rearing practices and heredity may influencethe five personality factors. | |
•- the assumption that the particular circumstances ofany given situation will influence the way in which a trait is expressed. | |
-model of personality traits that describes five basic trait dimensions. | |
-one of the five factors; willingness to try new things and be open to newexperiences. | |
-the care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others;dependability. | |
-dimension of personality referring to one’s need to be with other people. | |
-people who prefer solitude and dislike being the center of attention. | |
-the emotional style of a person that may range from easygoing, friendly, andlikeable to grumpy, crabby, and unpleasant. | |
-a field of study of the relationship between heredity and personality. | |
–Twin and adoptionstudies have found support for a genetic influence on many personality traits. | |
Biologyand Personality (ProfessorGreenberg’s Version) | I have spent thiswhole semester discussing the proper relationship of biology to behavior. Much of my writing is critical ofbehavior genetics. About twin studies remember the Jim Twins. |
•Four basic dimensions of personality along whichcultures may vary: | 1.individualism/collectivism2.power distance3.masculinity/femininity4.uncertainty avoidance |
-method of personality assessment in which the professional asks questions ofthe client and allows the client to answer, either in a structured orunstructured fashion. | |
–tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client toinfluence the assessments of the client’s behavior and statements. | |
defensemechanism involving placing, or “projecting,” one’s own unacceptable thoughtsonto others, as if the thoughts actually belonged to those others and not tooneself. | |
–personality assessments that present ambiguous visual stimuli to the client andask the client to respond with whatever comes to mind. | |
-projective test that uses 10 inkblots as the ambiguous stimuli. | |
-projective test that uses 20 pictures of people in ambiguous situations as thevisual stimuli. | |
-concepts and impressions that are only valid within a particular person’sperception and may be influenced by biases, prejudice, and personalexperiences. This is a problem with projective tests. | |
-assessment inwhich the professional observes the client engaged in ordinary, day-to-daybehavior in either a clinical or natural setting. | |
•Rating scale- assessment in whicha numerical value is assigned to specific behavior that is listed in the scale. | |
•Frequency count – assessment inwhich the frequency of a particular behavior is counted. | |
paperand pencil or computerized test that consists of statements that require aspecific, standardized response from the person taking the test. | |
•There are numerous personality tests available on theInternet. | |
•Not all equal in quality, reliability, or validity. | |
•Lack of professional interpretation of the results ofsuch tests. |
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