| Once Upon a Time in Shaolin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studio album by | ||||
| Released | November 25, 2015 | |||
| Recorded | 2008–2013 | |||
| Genre | Hip hop | |||
| Length | 110:12 | |||
| Producer | ||||
| Wu-Tang Clan chronology | ||||
| ||||
Once Upon a Time in Shaolin is the sixth studio album by American hip hop group Wu-Tang Clan. It was limited to a single copy sold in 2015, and is the most expensive individual album ever sold.
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The album was recorded in secret over six years. A single two-CD copy was pressed in 2014 and stored in a secured vault at the Royal Mansour Hotel in Marrakech, Morocco, then auctioned through auction house Paddle8 in 2015.[1] The winning bidder was American businessman Martin Shkreli. A legal agreement with the purchaser stipulates that the album cannot be commercially exploited until 2103, although it can be released free or played during listening parties.
In March 2018, following Shkreli's conviction for securities fraud the previous year, a federal court seized assets belonging to him, including Once Upon a Time in Shaolin.
Recording[edit]
Wu Tang The Swarm Rarest Dragon
Wu-Tang Clan began working on Once Upon a Time in Shaolin in the late 2000s with producer Cilvaringz. It took about six years to complete, and was recorded mostly in Marrakech, Morocco.[2] It features the entire Wu-Tang Clan, plus rapper Redman, FC Barcelona soccer players, and two appearances from Cher.[3][4]
Single-album concept[edit]
Inspired by the success of Nipsey Hussle's mixtape Crenshaw, limited-edition copies of which sold for $100, Cilvaringz and co-producer RZA decided to create Once Upon A Time In Shaolin as an art object.[3] Feeling the value of music had been cheapened by streaming and online piracy, they hoped to return music to the value of fine art.[2] They wrote on their website:[3]
The music industry is in crisis. The intrinsic value of music has been reduced to zero. Contemporary art is worth millions by virtue of its exclusivity ... By adopting a 400 year old Renaissance-style approach to music, offering it as a commissioned commodity and allowing it to take a similar trajectory from creation to exhibition to sale ... we hope to inspire and intensify urgent debates about the future of music.
The album was held in a silver jewel-encrusted box with a wax Wu-Tang Clan seal and leather-bound liner notes.[4] On March 3, 2015, it was detained at JFK Airport for three hours while border control determined the contents of its box.[5] In March 2015, Wu-Tang Clan exhibited the album for the only time, to a crowd of about 150 art collectors, dealers, and critics in Queens, New York.[4] Attendees were searched for recording devices.[4] About 13 minutes of the album were played to the audience.[4]
Auction[edit]
Once Upon A Time In Shaolin was auctioned through Paddle8 in 2015, which had previously sold works by artists including Jeff Koons, Julian Schnabel, Damien Hirst.[6] The winning bid was accepted on May 3, 2015, followed by months of legal diligence.[7] The sale was completed on August 26, 2015, at a price 'in the millions' to a 'private American collector'.[8] A legal agreement stipulated that the album cannot be commercially exploited until 2103, although it can be released free or played at listening parties.[9]
On December 9, Bloomberg Businessweek identified the buyer as Turing Pharmaceuticals CEO Martin Shkreli, who had paid $2 million.[10][11] RZA said that the sale was agreed before Shkreli's controversial price hike of the anti-infective agent Daraprim. He said that the Wu-Tang Clan had donated a 'significant portion' of the proceeds to charity upon learning the buyer's identity,[12] including the Children's Literacy Society, the Hip Hop Chess Federation and TTAC, an institution focused on showcasing alternative cures for cancer.[13]In January 2016, Shkreli told Vice that he had considered destroying the record or 'installing it in some remote place so that people have to make a spiritual quest to listen'.[14] He promised to release the album free if Donald Trump won the 2016 US presidential election. After Trump was elected, Shkreli streamed excerpts of the album online.[15]
In September 2017,[16] Shkreli attempted to sell Once Upon a Time in Shaolin on eBay, with the winning bid passing $1m. He was incarcerated on unrelated fraud counts before the sale could be completed.[17] RZA said he disapproved of the sale: 'I didn't like the idea of him putting it on eBay. I think he could have got more than what he paid. I was actually impressed that within eight days he got up to $1m in bidding ... If it had been left a bit longer, no telling how far it would have gone.'[18] RZA hoped to buy it himself, but was contractually unable to.[19]
In March 2018, following Shkreli's conviction for fraud, a federal court seized assets belong to him worth $7.36m, including Once Upon a Time in Shaolin.[20] Shkreli’s lawyer Benjamin Brafman said the album was now 'probably worthless'.[20]
Music[edit]
According to Complex, reporting from the exhibition in Queens, Once Upon a Time in Shaolin is 'rich, layered, and sonically bombastic', with a 'rugged, hard-hitting sound' reminiscent of early Wu-Tang Clan albums. It begins with 'ominous, foreboding' sounds of rain and thunder, before rapper Raekwon begins the first verse. Other sounds include fire sirens, crowd applause, and a marching drum beat. Cher appears twice, as singer and actress, and closes the record with the 'belted' words: 'Wu-Tang baby, they rock the world'.[14] Shkreli played the record during his interview with Vice writer Allie Conti, who said: 'From what I heard, it was definitely better than their last album, although I wouldn't say it's worth $2 million necessarily.'[14]
Response[edit]
Many fans reacted negatively to the news of the single-copy album, believing the album would not be available to the public until 2103. Wu-Tang member Method Man spoke out against the 88-year commercial ban, blaming fellow member RZA and producer Cilvaringz. RZA replied that the ban was necessary to maintain the integrity of the album as a work of art and to deflect any notions of a grand marketing or publicity stunt. According to him, the number 8 bears symbolic significance because there were eight original members of the Wu-Tang Clan, the numbers of the year 2015 add up to eight, Paddle8 has eight in its name, and a rotated eight is the symbol for infinity, which was used on their second album, Wu-Tang Forever.[21]
The Guinness Book of Records certified Once Upon a Time in Shaolin as the most valuable album in the world, surpassing records by Elvis Presley and the the Quarrymen.[22]
In February 2016, artist Jason Koza sued RZA, Cilvaringz, Paddle8 and Shkreli in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York for the alleged unauthorized use of his artwork on the album.[23][24]
Track listing[edit]
The track listing was compiled by Complex.[25]
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Personnel[edit]
- Wu-Tang Clan
- RZA, also production
- Additional personnel
- Cilvaringz – production
- Carice van Houten – vocals on 'The Sword Chamber'
- Cher – vocals (song not specified)[26]
- Killah Priest – vocals on 'Rivals'
- Killa Sin – vocals on 'Rivals'
- Streetlife – vocals on 'Rivals'
- Tekitha – vocals on 'The Sword Chamber'
See also[edit]
- Musique pour Supermarché, another single-copy album
References[edit]
- ^Tshepo Mokoena (January 8, 2015). 'Wu-Tang Clan: unique copy of album will be sold by online auction'. The Guardian. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- ^ abGreenburg, Zack O'Malley. 'Wu-Tang Clan Secret Album Sold By Paddle8, But To Whom?'. Forbes. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^ abcMichaels, Sean (March 27, 2014). 'Wu-Tang Clan producing one copy of new album Once Upon A Time In Shaolin'. The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^ abcde'You'll Never Hear the New Wu-Tang Clan Album, But This Is What It Sounds Like'. Complex. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^Baker, Soren (March 6, 2015). 'Wu-Tang Clan's 'Once Upon A Time In Shaolin' Album Seized At Airport'. HipHopDX. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- ^Greenburg, Zack O'Malley. 'Wu-Tang Clan Secret Album Sold By Paddle8, But To Whom?'. Forbes. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^Greenburg, Zack O'Malley. 'New Details Emerge On Wu-Tang Clan Secret Album Sale'. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
- ^Zack O'Malley Greenburg (November 24, 2015). 'Wu-Tang Clan Secret Album Sold By Paddle8, But To Whom?'. Forbes. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
- ^Shawn Christ (March 6, 2015). 'Wu-Tang Clan Issue Statement to Clarify 'Once Upon a Time in Shaolin' Release'. Music Times. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- ^Justin Hunte (December 16, 2015). 'Martin Shkreli Plans To Bail-Out Bobby Shmurda'. HipHopDX. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
- ^Leonard, David; Hordern, Annmarie (December 9, 2015). 'Who Bought The Most Expensive Album Ever Made?'. Bloomberg Businessweek.
- ^Devin Leonard; Annmarie Hordern (December 9, 2015). 'Pharma's Bad Boy Exec Paid $2 Million for Wu-Tang Clan's New Record'. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
- ^'TTAC Confirms Donation Wu-Tang Clan'.
- ^ abcStaff, Noisey (January 27, 2016). 'Martin Skhreli Either Wants to Destroy the $2 Million Wu-Tang Record or Make It a Spiritual Quest'. Noisey. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^staff, Guardian (November 9, 2016). 'Martin Shkreli leaks Wu-Tang Clan album in celebration of Trump victory'. The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^'A Timeline of Events Since Martin Shkreli Purchased Wu Tang Clan's 'Once Upon a Time in Shaolin''. Billboard. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^Greenburg, Zack O'Malley. 'Why Jeff Sessions May Control The Fate Of Wu-Tang's Secret Album'. Forbes. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^Hann, Michael (October 26, 2017). 'RZA: 'Martin Shkreli sold our album on eBay for $1.2m – he could have got more''. The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^Grow, Kory; Grow, Kory (March 30, 2018). 'RZA Wanted to Buy Martin Shkreli's Wu-Tang Album Back for Himself'. Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^ abBeaumont-Thomas, Ben (March 6, 2018). 'Martin Shkreli's $2m Wu-Tang Clan album seized by federal court'. The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
- ^George Palathingal (February 20, 2014). 'Wu-Tang Clan's Method Man slams 'stupid' release plan for Once Upon a Time in Shaolin'. Smh.com.au. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- ^Guinness World Records (September 1, 2015). Guinness World Records 2016. Macmillan. p. 187. ISBN978-1910561027. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
- ^Gardner, Eriq (February 9, 2016). 'Wu-Tang Clan's $2 Million Album a Target in Copyright Lawsuit'. Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
- ^'Koza v. Diggs et al, Docket No. 1:16-cv-00956 (S.D.N.Y. Feb 09, 2016), Court Docket'. Bloomberg Law. February 9, 2016. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
- ^'You'll Never Hear the New Wu-Tang Clan Album, But This Is What It Sounds Like'. Complex. March 3, 2015. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
- ^'Wu-Tang Clan's U-God Says Cher Is On Unreleased 'Shaolin' Album'. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
External links[edit]
Wu Tang The Swarm
- Official website